Basic Steps of the Soapmaking Process
                        Submitted By Joannine R.Gesualdo

                        Step 1: Set up the soapmaking equipment, including scales, a
                        soapmaking pan, a saucepan, thermometers, a glass bowl, and
                        ingredients. Measure out the essential oils, preservative, and extra
                       nutrients; set aside in separate containers.
                       Step 2:  Line the soapmaking trays with the heavy-duty waxed paper,
                       keeping the paper 1 inch from the top of the trays on all sides. Mitre
                       the corners, one at a time, by pushing your forefinger along the paper
                      and pressing deeply into the corners, using your other hand to keep the rest of the
                      paper flat and in place. Gather the excess paper in  the corners inward to form flat
                      hospital corners. Flatten the folds perfectly flush against the frame and secure with
                      masking tape, from the bottom corner out diagonally to the exposed area of the
                     frame. Tape the edges of the paper to the box at intervals to keep the paper flat
                     against the frames, without waves and wrinkles, and to prevent forming soaps with
                     rounded edges and wavy bottoms. Do this now - you won't have time later as
                     things speed up.
                       Step 3: Put on safety goggles and gloves.
                        Step 4: Weigh out the sodium hydroxide (Lye) and set aside, away
                        from the work area.
                       Step 5: Set a 2-quart glass container on the scale; weigh out the
                        required amount of water.
                        Step 6: Carefully add the sodium hydroxide to the glass container of
                       water, stirring briskly with a rubber spatula until it is completely dissolved.
                        Step 7: Place an 8- to 12-quart soapmaking pan on the scale. Add the required
                        weights of the liquid soapmaking oils that are to be included at the start of the
                        soapmaking process. Set aside.
                        Step 8: Place a 3-quart saucepan on the scale and weigh out the solid
                        fats that are to be melted before being added to the liquid oils. Set  aside.
                       Step 9: Wearing goggles and gloves, slowly drizzle the lye into the
                       oils, stirring the mixture briskly.
                       Step 10: Continue to stir briskly, circling the pan and cutting through
                       the middle of the pan with your spatula to keep as much of the solution as possible
                       in constant motion. Once a small amount soap drizzled across the surface leaves a
                       trace pattern before sinking back  into the mass, the soap is ready.
                       Step 11: Incorporate desired nutrients and essential oils to scent the
                        soap, stirring swiftly and thoroughly with the spatula, without beating
                        the mixture.
                        Step 12: Once the oils are evenly distributed and the soap mixture is
                        uniform in appearance, quickly pour the soap into the frame, moving
                        from one end of the frame to the other to evenly distribute the soap
                        within the frame for uniform bars. Don't scrape any residue from the
                        sides of the pan.
                       Step 13: Cover the filled soap frame with another empty frame (or a
                        piece of plywood or heavy cardboard); cover with a blanket or two.
                        Leave undisturbed for eighteen to twenty-four hours.
                       Step 14: Using rulers and a paring knife, lightly mark lines for cutting
                        the mass into bars (do not cut all the way through). Once you are
                        satisfied the lines are straight and uniform, cut through lengthwise and
                        crosswise to the bottom of the frame.
                       Step 15: Carefully peel the bars from the paper. Slice a thin sliver off
                        the top of each to remove the powdery white soda ash, and trim any
                        uneven edges.
                        Step 16: Lay the bars in a single layer on plain brown paper grocery
                        bags, or wicker or rattan placemats.